Using Screen to share your terminal.
As a consultant who works with remote clients and, before that, a telecommuting systems engineer for companies who used linux I have often encountered the problem of collaborating inside of a remote client that does not have X and who’s only access is ssh. Servers with GUI interfaces like Windows or Mac OS X have a long history of tools to share the desktop with multiple users, oddly enough both are called Remote Desktop. Servers that only have a command line interface, like most linux servers, do not have such an obvious tool for sharing the terminal with another user. While bash and ssh can be manipulated to accomplish this, screen fills this roll nicely.
Screen allows you to create virtual terminals that you can detach from and attach to at will. Detaching from a screen will leave it running in the background. Attaching to it again allows you to keep executing commands where you were or see the current state of a process you left running. If you are the user who started the screen you can attach to a screen that is already attached to, this is is how the shared screen is accomplished.
To set it up, one user logs in to the server and, using su or sudo su, changes to either the second users account or an account that all parties can access. Next, start screen with the -S option and give it a meaningful name.
me@jjtest:~# sudo su – theOtherGuy
theOtherGuy@jjtest:~# screen -S blogTest
If screen is not installed, it is available as a package on most popular linux distributions. You are now in a screen session as theOtherGuy. Now just tell theOtherGuy to log in and that your screen is called blogTest and he will simply need to run screen with the -x option and give the screen name.
theOtherGuy@jjtest:~# screen -x blogTest
At this point you are both in the same screen session and can both interact with it. This is great for showing another user what kind of problems you may be having or how to do a certain process. It can also be used to accomplish remote pair programing on the remote system. And this doesn’t have to be limited to just two users, as long as someone can get to that system as that user they can join the screen as well.
Typing exit at this point will kill the screen and kick both of you out. If one user wants to leave but not kick the other person off the user just presses Ctrl+a and then d, this will detach you from the screen. Ctrl+a is the default hot key for activating screen commands. You can read more about the variety of command available on screen at this site or read abut it fully on the man page.
Screen can be used to do so much more than I’ve talked about here but it’s ability to facilitate the sharing of a terminal between users can be a life saver when you need it. It is not normally installed by default to may linux systems so you may have to install it or ask that it be installed.
Most of the work I do is on systems who’s primary interface is BASH. BASH is the shell that runs on most Linux distributions and Mac OS X when you open a terminal or SSH in. There are a few short cuts I have picked up along the way that are built into BASH but aren’t all that obvious or in the man ( manual ) pages. One very powerful shortcut, ! ( refered to as bang ), is used in BASH to reference the prior command(s) in varius ways and can really speed up your work in the terminal.
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